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History: Airbus A320

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Airbus A320
A Finnair ((Airbus)) A320-200
A Finnair ((Airbus)) A320-200


Overview
Role Narrow-body jet airliner
First flight : 22 february 1987
Status : Operational
Primary users : Air France US Airways
United Airlines EasyJet
Wizz Air
Produced : 1988 - present
Introduced : 28 March 1988
Number built : more then 5500
November 2015
Unit cost : US$ 98 million (2016)
List of Airbus A320 by registration number


Air France ((Airbus)) A320-200
Air France ((Airbus)) A320-200


Planform view of an Iberia ((Airbus)) A320-200
Planform view of an Iberia ((Airbus)) A320-200


A Wizz Air Airbus A320
A Wizz Air Airbus A320




The Airbus A320 is a short to medium range, narrow-body jet airliner built by Airbus. The 320 model was introduced in March 1984 and first flew on 22 February 1987. It was the first model of the A320 family. This aircraft family includes the Airbus A318, Airbus A319, Airbus A320 and the Airbus A321. After the introduction of the Airbus A320 NEO the first generation models are called A320 CEO (current engine option).

The Airbus A320 was among the pioneers of the use of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems in civilian and commercial aircrafts.

As of January 2016 more then 6876 aircraft belonging to the Airbus A320 family have been delivered to customers all over the world and another 5400+ are on order. This makes the A320 family the world's fastest-selling jet airliner and the best-selling single-generation aircraft program.

In December 2010 Airbus announced the Airbus A320 NEO (New Engine Option) which is an upgraded variant of the A320 with new CFM International LEAP-X or Pratt and Whitney PW1000G engines, airframe improvements, sharklets. This new aircraft is advertised to deliver a 15% improvement of fuel consumption. By the end of 2015 more then 3700 Airbus A320 NEO family aircraft were on order. The new version entered service on 25 January 2016 with Lufthansa.



Development


The Airbus A320 is part of a broad family of airliners developed and constructed by Airbus. Initially in the 1960's Airbus constructed the Airbus A300B from which they planned to create a number of derivatives (B1 to B9). Later in 1973 Airbus came up with a new variation dubbed A300B10. This was a smaller aircraft which ultimately led to the construction of the Airbus A310. After this Airbus started focusing on the single-aisle market and built the first Airbus A320.

Production


The components for the Airbus A320 are produced at one of the many plants Airbus has across Europe. Final assembling is made at the plants located near Hamburg Finkenwerder XFW EDHI and Toulouse Blagnac TLS LFBO airports. The large components are ferried between the plants using A300-600ST Beluga aircraft.

In order to match the demand for the Airbus A320 the manufacturer has set up new production facilities. The first one opened in Tianjin, China - this plant produces aircraft for the Chinese market. The second new plant is located in Mobile, Alabama, The United States of America and is currently (2016) under construction.

Completion of an A320 takes around eight months. Currently Airbus builds 32 A320 every month with plans to raise this number to 40.

Design


The Airbus A320 is a narrow-body , low-wing cantilever monoplane. The single-aisle cabin of the aircraft is wider (3.95 m or 155.5 inches) then the cabin of other similar aircraft. The tail of the airplane is conventional and the aircraft has a single fin and rudder. The landing gear is rectractable and is in a form of a trycicle. The engines are fixed on the wings, each wing having one turbofan engine (so the plane has two engines). There are two suppliers of engines for the A320: CFM International supplying the CFM56 engine and International Aero Engines with the V2500 engine.
Among other features of the Airbus A320 we can find ECAM (Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor). This system can provide information to the pilots about all systems of the aircraft.

Technology


Operational Service

The Airbus A320 received its type certificate on the 26th of February 1988 from the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA). Air France was the first airline to introduce the A320 into commercial operation.

Operators


As of 25 November 2015, more then 6,500 Airbus A320-family aircraft (all variants) were in commercial service with over 250 airline operators.

See also: List of Airbus A320 operators

Competitors

Although it was designed to compete with the Boeing 737 and the McDonnel Douglas MD80 series, the only real competitor today for the Airbus A320 is the Boeing 737 Next Generation. As of February 2012 the Airbus A320 is the best and fastest selling aircraft in the world with more then 4800 units built and an additional 3200 on order. The Boeing 737 has been produced in larger numbers but it has entered service almost 20 years earlier then the Airbus A320. Another point in favor of the Airbus A320 is that it has a bigger number of outstanding orders then the Boeing 737

A320 Enhanced


The A320 Enhanced codename is used for a large number of improvements to the Airbus A320 family. These improvements include aerodynamic refinements, engine improvement, weight reduction and cabin improvements.

A320 New Engine Option (NEO)


Airbus announced on 1 December 2010 that its exploring a new engine options for the Airbus A320 family. The engines include the CFM International LEAP-X and the Pratt and Whitney PW1100G. The new engines will be larger and more efficient resulting in a fuel economy of 16%, 8% less operating costs and less noise. This will allow an increase in range of 950 km (510 nm) or a 2 ton (4400 lb) extra payload.
The NEO family will also feature the blended winglets called "Sharklets". The Airbus A320 NEO entered service on 25 January 2016 with Lufthansa.

See also the full article on the Airbus A320 NEO

Deliveries


Accidents



Specifications


Engines



Aircraft Model
Certification Date
Engines
A318-111 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B8/P
A318-112 23 May 2003 CFM56-5B9/P
A318-121 21 December 2005 PW6122A
A318-122 21 December 2005 PW6124A
A319-111 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B5 or 5B5/P
A319-112 10 April 1996 CFM56-5B6 or 5B6/P or 5B6/2P
A319-113 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A4 or 5A4/F
A319-114 31 May 1996 CFM56-5A5 or 5A5/F
A319-115 30 July 1999 CFM56-5B7 or 5B7/P
A319-131 18 December 1996 IAE Model V2522-A5
A319-132 18 December 1996 IAE Model V2524-A5
A319-133 30 July 1999 IAE Model V2527M-A5
A320-111 26 February 1988 CFM56-5A1 or 5A1/F
A320-211 8 November 1988 CFM56-5A1 or 5A1/F
A320-212 20 November 1990 CFM56-5A3
A320-214 10 March 1995 CFM56-5B4 or 5B4/P or 5B4/2P
A320-216 14 June 2006 CFM56-5B6
A320-231 20 April 1989 IAE Model V2500-A1
A320-232 28 September 1993 IAE Model V2527-A5
A320-233 12 June 1996 IAE Model V2527E-A5
A321-111 27 May 1995 CFM56-5B1 or 5B1/P or 5B1/2P
A321-112 15 February 1995 CFM56-5B2 or 5B2/P
A321-131 17 December 1993 IAE Model V2530-A5
A321-211 20 March 1997 CFM56-5B3 or 5B3/P or 5B3/2P
A321-212 31 August 2001 CFM56-5B1 or 5B1/P or 5B1/2P
A321-213 31 August 2001 CFM56-5B2 or 5B2/P
A321-231 20 March 1997 IAE Model V2533-A5
A321-232 31 August 2001 IAE Model V2530-A5

Further reading


Airbus
Airbus A320 family
List of Airbus A320 by registration number
List of Airbus A320 operators
Comparison of narrow-body aircraft









History

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