History: Airbus A320

The Airbus A320 is a narrow-body jet airliner built by Airbus. The 320 model was introduced in March 1984 and first flew on 22 February 1987. It was the first model of the A320 family. This aircraft family includes the Airbus A318 Airbus A319 Airbus A320 and the Airbus A321.

The Airbus A320 was among the pioneers of the use of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems in civilian and commercial aircrafts.

As of March 2015 more then 6400 aircraft belonging to the Airbus A320 family have been delivered to customers all over the world and another 3000+ are on order. This makes the Airbus A320 family the world's fastest-selling jet airliner and the best-selling single-generation aircraft program.

Development

The Airbus A320 is part of a broad family of airliners developed and constructed by Airbus. Initially in the 1960's Airbus constructed the Airbus A300B from which they planned to create a number of derivatives (B1 to B9). Later in 1973 Airbus came up with a new variation dubbed A300B10. This was a smaller aircraft which ultimately led to the construction of the Airbus A310. After this Airbus started focusing on the single-aisle market and built the first Airbus A320.

Production

The components for the Airbus A320 are produced at one of the many plants Airbus has across Europe. Final assembling is made at the plants located near Hamburg Finkenwerder XFW EDHI and Toulouse Blagnac TLS LFBO airports. The large components are ferried between the plants using A300-600ST Beluga aircraft.

Completion of an A320 takes around eight months. Currently Airbus builds 32 A320 every month with plans to raise this number to 40.

Design

The Airbus A320 is a narrow-body , low-wing cantilever monoplane. The single-aisle cabin of the aircraft is wider (3.95 m or 155.5 inches) then the cabin of other similar aircraft. The tail of the airplane is conventional and the aircraft has a single fin and rudder. The landing gear is rectractable and is in a form of a trycicle. The engines are fixed on the wings, each wing having one turbofan engine (so the plane has two engines). There are two suppliers of engines for the A320: CFM International supplying the CFM56 engine and International Aero Engines with the V2500 engine.
Among other features of the Airbus A320 we can find ECAM (Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor). This system can provide information to the pilots about all systems of the aircraft.

Technology

Operational Service

The Airbus A320 received its type certificate on the 26th of February 1988 from the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA). Air France was the first airline to introduce the A320 into commercial operation.

Competitors

Although it was designed to compete with the Boeing 737 and the McDonnel Douglas MD80 series, the only real competitor today for the Airbus A320 is the Boeing 737 Next Generation. As of February 2012 the Airbus A320 is the best and fastest selling aircraft in the world with more then 4800 units built and an additional 3200 on order. The Boeing 737 has been produced in larger numbers but it has entered service almost 20 years earlier then the Airbus A320. Another point in favor of the Airbus A320 is that it has a bigger number of outstanding orders then the Boeing 737

A320 Enhanced

The A320 Enhanced codename is used for a large number of improvements to the Airbus A320 family. These improvements include aerodynamic refinements, engine improvement, weight reduction and cabin improvements.

A320 New Engine Option (NEO)

Airbus announced on 1 December 2010 that its exploring a new engine options for the Airbus A320 family. The engines include the CFM International LEAP-X and the Pratt and Whitney PW1100G. The new engines will be larger and more efficient resulting in a fuel economy of 16%, 8% less operating costs and less noise. This will allow an increase in range of 950 km (510 nm) or a 2 ton (4400 lb) extra payload.
The NEO family will also feature the blended winglets called "Sharklets"

Deliveries

Accidents

• 15 January 2009 - US Airways Flight 1549. The incidents which involves an A320 en route from from New York La Guardia LGA KLGA to Charlotte Douglas International CLT KCLT. The aircraft hit a flock of birds and lost both engines in the process. The pilot decided to ditch the plane in the frozen Hudson River. All the passangers and the whole crew survived.

Specifications

Engines

Aircraft Model	Certification Date	Engines
A318-111	23 May 2003	CFM56-5B8/P
A318-112	23 May 2003	CFM56-5B9/P
A318-121	21 December 2005	PW6122A
A318-122	21 December 2005	PW6124A
A319-111	10 April 1996	CFM56-5B5 or 5B5/P
A319-112	10 April 1996	CFM56-5B6 or 5B6/P or 5B6/2P
A319-113	31 May 1996	CFM56-5A4 or 5A4/F
A319-114	31 May 1996	CFM56-5A5 or 5A5/F
A319-115	30 July 1999	CFM56-5B7 or 5B7/P
A319-131	18 December 1996	IAE Model V2522-A5
A319-132	18 December 1996	IAE Model V2524-A5
A319-133	30 July 1999	IAE Model V2527M-A5
A320-111	26 February 1988	CFM56-5A1 or 5A1/F
A320-211	8 November 1988	CFM56-5A1 or 5A1/F
A320-212	20 November 1990	CFM56-5A3
A320-214	10 March 1995	CFM56-5B4 or 5B4/P or 5B4/2P
A320-216	14 June 2006	CFM56-5B6
A320-231	20 April 1989	IAE Model V2500-A1
A320-232	28 September 1993	IAE Model V2527-A5
A320-233	12 June 1996	IAE Model V2527E-A5
A321-111	27 May 1995	CFM56-5B1 or 5B1/P or 5B1/2P
A321-112	15 February 1995	CFM56-5B2 or 5B2/P
A321-131	17 December 1993	IAE Model V2530-A5
A321-211	20 March 1997	CFM56-5B3 or 5B3/P or 5B3/2P
A321-212	31 August 2001	CFM56-5B1 or 5B1/P or 5B1/2P
A321-213	31 August 2001	CFM56-5B2 or 5B2/P
A321-231	20 March 1997	IAE Model V2533-A5
A321-232	31 August 2001	IAE Model V2530-A5

Further reading

Airbus
Airbus A320 family
List of Airbus A320 by registration number
List of Airbus A320 operators
Comparison of narrow-body aircraft